At Sabiha Gokcen, the Pegasus investment story is not a story of empty seats. The seat is filled. In the first three months of 2026, 9.83 million guests were carried; the load factor was 86.3%; aircraft worked an average of 12.3 block hours per day. A fleet of 129 aircraft reached 158 destinations in 56 countries. The first sentence expected from a low-cost airline can be written here: the plane takes off, the seat is sold, ancillary revenue enters the till.
But in Pegasus shares, the real question is not whether the seat is filled. It is what that filled seat leaves for the shareholder after paying the rent, fuel, currency and interest ledger.
The first quarter of 2026 opened that ledger mercilessly. Revenue rose to 32.76 billion TL; despite that, net loss was 7.76 billion TL. In the same quarter, 4.92 billion TL of cash came from operations, so the loss is not entirely a rotten accounting number. But the language of the cash register is not comforting by itself either: 7.30 billion TL of cash went out through financing activities, of which 5.70 billion TL was lease liability payments.
| 2025Q1 | 2026Q1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue | TRY 23.59bn | TRY 32.76bn |
| Net loss | TRY -2.63bn | TRY -7.76bn |
Pegasus describes itself as a “low-cost network carrier.” This is not decoration; it is the core of the business model. It puts baggage, seat selection, services and other ancillary products beside flight revenue; according to the activity report, revenue from ancillary services reached 45% of total revenue in the first three months of 2026. That means attracting the passenger with a low fare, then turning the small purchase decisions around that passenger into a revenue machine.
That is why reading Pegasus merely as a tourism stock would be wrong. The company’s economics depend less on passenger count than on discipline per seat, fleet age, utilization hours, fuel price, currency composition and aircraft financing. In the first quarter of 2026, ASK grew 8.9%; seat capacity rose 8.7%; guest numbers increased 9.0%. The operating machine is growing. The growth is not empty text.
| 2025Q1 | 2026Q1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Passengers | 9.02m | 9.83m |
| Seats | 10.48m | 11.39m |
But the growing machine is not free. The financial report shows, as of March 31, 2026, financial debt of 238.87 billion TL, cash and financial investments of 78.40 billion TL, and a net debt position of 160.47 billion TL. This is the first indicator to look at in Pegasus. Because while market capitalization is 85.80 billion TL, net debt is almost twice that. The share looks cheap; enterprise value immediately interrogates that cheapness.
The balance sheet clearly carries the accounting trace of aircraft. Right-of-use assets are 224.16 billion TL. The present value of financial and operating lease liabilities is 187.56 billion TL. The balance of loans used for 101 aircraft obtained through financial leasing in the company’s fleet is 177.25 billion TL. These are not abstract phrases about “high debt”; they are the rent and financing lines sitting beneath every takeoff.
On top of that, there is a future calendar. As of March 31, 2026, Pegasus has firm orders and purchase rights for 141 aircraft. In the financial footnote, aircraft purchase commitments appear as 1.273 trillion TL; the company says this is calculated on list prices and that realized prices are generally below list price. Still, the message for the investor is clear: the growth calendar is also a liability calendar.
| Metric | Value | Read | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fleet | 129 aircraft | 31 March 2026 | The growth scale is real |
| Aircraft financed through leases | 101 aircraft | TRY 177.25bn loan balance | The fleet comes with debt attached |
| Present value of lease liabilities | TRY 187.56bn | 31 March 2026 | The rent the full seat must pay first |
| Aircraft purchase commitments | TRY 1.273tn | Based on list prices | The growth calendar is also an obligation calendar |
That is why the Q1 loss cannot simply be pushed aside as “seasonality.” Yes, the first quarter is weak in the airline business. Yes, in full-year 2025 Pegasus produced 13.75 billion TL of net profit. Yes, even with a loss in 2026 Q1, operating cash flow was positive. But in the 2026 Q1 cost table, fuel expense was 10.72 billion TL, personnel expense was 7.76 billion TL, and depreciation and amortization was 5.40 billion TL. Finance expenses reached 4.85 billion TL; within that were 1.76 billion TL of lease interest expense, 1.72 billion TL of net foreign exchange loss, and 517 million TL of bank loan interest expense.
The margin for error in this ledger is small. If the loss grows while the load factor is above 86%, the investor has to look at unit economics and financing cost before seat count.
Accounting also refuses to allow a clean one-sentence reading. Pegasus’s functional currency is the Euro. The financial statements are presented in TL, but on the TFRS side, TAS 29 inflation accounting is not applied; the company explains this by pointing to the Euro functional currency. The quarterly loss is softened by 644 million TL of deferred tax income. Hedge gains and foreign currency translation differences occupy a large place in equity. In other words, while reading the stock, it is not enough to say “profit fell” or “equity is high”; one has to see the shadow of translation, tax and hedging behind the numbers.
That shadow is not only an accounting issue, but also a risk management issue. The financial report shows that a 10% move in the U.S. dollar could create a 3.73 billion TL effect on profit or loss. On the fuel side, as of March 31, 2026, the total nominal amount of the company’s forward fuel options is 556.2 million U.S. dollars; 57.6% of estimated fuel consumption for the period shorter than one year is protected by contracts under hedge accounting. This is good discipline. But a hedge does not eliminate fuel risk; it times it, limits it and sometimes turns it into another balance sheet item.
The governance side should not be missed either. Esas Holding is the controlling shareholder with a 52.81% stake. There are no privileged shares; that is good. But control sits in one hand. Related-party transactions are not large enough to seize the whole picture: in Q1, purchases from related parties were 148.7 million TL and trade payables to related parties were 86.0 million TL. Still, in a company like Pegasus, where debt, fleet and capital allocation decisions are heavy, controlling shareholder structure is not “background information”; the investor needs to know whose long-term risk appetite sits at the same table.
So why is the share not “expensive” despite such a heavy ledger?
Because the market has already written a penalty against Pegasus. A share price of 171.60 TL and a market capitalization of 85.80 billion TL correspond to only 0.74 times the 115.75 billion TL of equity attributable to the parent. Book value per share is 231.50 TL. The market begins by erasing roughly a quarter of book value.
The last twelve months calculation does not make the shareholder entirely wrong either. When full-year 2025 financials are combined with the difference between 2026 Q1 and 2025 Q1, Pegasus appears to have produced about 163.30 billion TL of LTM revenue, 31.88 billion TL of LTM EBITDA-like operating capacity, and 8.63 billion TL of LTM net profit. At this market value, LTM P/E is about 10.0x. But when net debt is added, enterprise value rises to 246.27 billion TL, and EV/LTM EBITDA rises to about 7.7x.
| Input | Value | Read | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Market value | TRY 85.80bn | 18 May 2026 | Priced below equity book |
| P/B | 0.74x | TRY 115.75bn equity | The market is cutting roughly one quarter off book value |
| LTM P/E | 10.0x | TRY 8.63bn LTM net income | Cheap, but tied to cyclical earnings quality |
| EV / LTM EBITDA | 7.7x | TRY 246.27bn EV; TRY 31.88bn LTM EBITDA | Net debt limits the cheapness |
| Net debt / LTM EBITDA | 5.0x | TRY 160.47bn net debt | Capital structure is the main risk |
This picture is not, by itself, a screaming opportunity. But there is a discount severe enough to say the share is cheap: the market is not giving Pegasus a premium for a young fleet, growing traffic and a high ancillary revenue share; on the contrary, it is punishing the aircraft rent ledger upfront. If the 2026 summer quarters turn Q1’s volume growth into margin and cash, pricing closer to book value would not be exaggerated. Even a return to book value implies roughly 35% upside from today’s price. That space comes not from adding any great optimism premium, but simply from the penalty easing.
The anti-thesis is strong and must be stated honestly. Pegasus’s market value may be cheap, but the company is financed as if it is not cheap. Net debt of 160.47 billion TL, lease liabilities of 187.56 billion TL, aircraft purchase commitments with a 1.273 trillion TL list price, and 7.7x EV/EBITDA stop the sentence “it trades below book value” from becoming an automatic reason to buy. If fuel, currency and interest all move against the company at the same time, even a filled seat may not work for the shareholder. If growth turns into undisciplined order appetite, today’s discount will not be called an opportunity but a trap.
Management’s truth test is therefore simple: do the low-cost model, young fleet and ancillary revenue share actually turn into return on capital? In 2026 Q1, there is operational delivery; there is no financial delivery. The company carried the passenger, filled the seat, grew revenue. But the loss grew. The next two quarters must close that gap. In particular, net debt to LTM EBITDA, free cash flow after lease payments, and how much fuel/currency impact eats into operating profit must be watched.
My verdict: Pegasus is cheap. But this is not a comfortable cheapness. This is the discount of a company with cash in the register and a large rent ledger beneath the runway. The share is not for an investor seeking a quiet balance sheet. It is for an investor who can accept the airline cycle, fuel and currency risk, and the weight of fleet financing on the balance sheet; and in return is willing to play for the discount to close through high load factors, ancillary revenue and summer cash.
The thesis breaks on this data: if, during the summer season, passenger numbers and ASK grow while operating cash weakens, net debt rises, and new fleet commitments grow faster than return on capital. The thesis strengthens on this data: if load factor is preserved in the summer of 2026, ancillary revenue share stays high, net debt/EBITDA falls, and Q1’s language of loss gives way to profit supported by the language of cash.
To become a partner in Pegasus is not to become a partner in a low-cost airline, but in whether the heavy rent on a filled seat can be paid on time.